Taking a Look at Crisis Counseling - 1319 Words

Have you ever caught yourself judging a person because they have to go to a psychologist? It would be completely normal if you did. Moreover, the percentage of individuals that judge based off of what they have heard about the subject is tremendously high. This is because psychology is subclassed with crazy people, which in fact could not be further from the truth. The following essay will clear up this illustration about psychology by further breaking down one of its fields, Crisis Counseling. Crisis Counseling is exactly as it sounds, it deals with individuals after a traumatic event. Crisis counselors not only conduct interviews with the patient(client), they also: assist clients in following through with treatment plans, collaborate with other counselors, nurses, or physicians in order to coordinate a treatment plan, increase social network knowledge by reviewing current literature, conducting social research, and also attend seminars, training workshops, or classes in order to enhance their knowledge. (Careers) Unlike most physicians a Crisis Counselor follows through with the patient in order to make sure he/she gets better. They do this by not only talking with the patient, but sets up appointments for them. The counselor will even go as far as arranging transportation to the appointment, what physician has ever went that far to support their patient? (Careers) Crisis Counseling seems like it would be one subjective area of study, however this is also wrong.Show MoreRelatedcj01e471 unit 1 assessment1565 Words   |  7 PagesTEST QUESTIONS UNIT 1 chapters 1-4 1. Successful crisis work may be described as a. enhancing the crisis workers life. b. successfully resolving long-standing trauma. c. becoming multi-culturally aware. d. generating in the client a long-term resiliency to ward off future crisis. Answer: a 2. Of the following components of basic crisis theory, which does not apply? a. Basic crisis theory is equivalent to brief therapy. b. Crisis is a state where ordinary behaviors cant overcomeRead MoreMental Health Essay937 Words   |  4 Pagessupport. Disability and counseling services are frequently on the cutting block when funding is questioned leaving 20% of children and 18.1% of young adult students suddenly losing the resources they need to thrive in an academic environment (NAMI, 2016). Disability and counseling services are not the only departments in a school environment affected by the lacking resources; the entire academic community feels the repercussions. When a student experiences a mental health crisis and doesn’t have theRead MoreThe Triage Assessment Form On Clients955 Words   |  4 PagesUsing the Triage Assessment Form on Clients In life we are born with care givers taking care of our every need until one day we are ready to be out in the world. We learn many things from our care givers and the environment we live in. These lesions teach us how to take care of ourselves by finding food, water, shelter, and security. Many people out in the world are going through their normal day only worrying about what they have to do when they get home instead of worrying about what mightRead MoreCounseling Stages1093 Words   |  5 PagesThe Stages of Counseling Obviously there are many people who have problems and will need professional help. I will discuss the five stages of counseling and how to build a proper relationship to help a person turn their life around. As a future counselor, these steps will be so vital and important to my success as a counselor. The best way to help a person is by establishing a solid relationship with them. People want to feel comfortable in anyone’s presence; they want to be confidentRead MoreThe Importance Of A Clinical Emphasis Position As An Advanced Practicum Student At Depaul University Counseling Services For The 2016-2017 Academic755 Words   |  4 Pagesformally apply for a clinical emphasis position as an advanced practicum student at DePaul University Counseling Services for the 2016-2017 academic year. Currently, I am completing my third year of training in the APA-accredited clinical psychology doctoral program at the Chicago School of Professional Psychology. I have a strong interest in completing my advanced training at DePaul University’s Counseling Services as it offers intensive training that is unparalleled in the Chicagoland area. In particularRead MoreWhat Are The Different Categories Of Helpers?1457 Words   |  6 Pagestouch and body language. Showing affection towards others. Warmth shows accepting and caring instead of ignoring, rejecting or giving an old shoulder. RESPECT Treat people with respect an equal right. Separates a person from his/her behaviour and look beyond the sin seeing the person as our Father in Heaven want them to be. Show genuine interested in the person. We are all humans with flaws and mistakes and recognizes others as humans to. GENUINENESS Truthful genuine person, honest about feelingsRead MorePersonal Statement On Child Abuse958 Words   |  4 PagesCarolina. In the guidance-counseling department, I assisted with counseling appointments with children in grades K-8. We often discussed topics such as bullying, divorce, and friendship disputes. In the learning support department, I tutored children with intellectual disabilities. That experience showed me how much children go through, and taught me how to build rapport. These experiences confirmed my passion for connecting and supporting people in need. Currently I am a crisis counselor at Women OrganizedRead MoreOvercoming Barriers For The Client During Treatment1241 Words   |  5 PagesIt is important for a counselor to proper an action plan to overcome barriers for the client during treatment. Counseling is not about taking and not taking the proper actions. When a client is having barriers it is very important for the counselor to identify those barriers and set an action plan to help client overcome the obstacles. The counselor should identify the principles for a well action plan, discuss barriers that a client might encounter, outline intervention that will help with theRead MoreThe Mental Health Program For Messiah1727 Words   |  7 Pages I recently just read a book for a crisis counseling class, as part of the clinical mental health program for Messiah. Chapter 1, in the book Healing From Trauma, was entitled â€Å"Shit Happens.† The chapter spoke about traumatic events and why terrible things might happen to people. The chapter stressed that we are flawed humans that live in an imperfect world with little control over unexpected events in our lives. Unexpected deaths, war, terrorists attacks, and fatal illnesses, all strike withoutRead MoreCase Study : Daniel. Daniel1301 Words   |  6 Pagestime to complete his civil engineering degree. Daniel was court order to counseling treatment after a domestic abuse incident. The court mandated that Daniel receives substance abuse treatment for his alcohol and anxiety issues. On his first visit Daniel appeared well dressed and versed. His mood was fair, but continued to check his watch and look at the door. Daniel explained that the reason he was ordered to take counseling sessions was only because his wife and the judge were working together against

American Masculinity Defined By War Essay - 1828 Words

War has been a mainstay of human civilization since its inception thousands of years ago, and throughout this long and colorful history, warriors have almost exclusively been male. By repeatedly taking on the fundamentally aggressive and violent role of soldier, Man has slowly come to define Himself through these violent experiences. Although modern American society regulates the experiences associated with engaging in warfare to a select group of individuals, leaving the majority of the American public emotionally and personally distant from war, mainstream American masculinity still draws heavily upon the characteristically male experience of going to war. In modern American society, masculinity is still defined and expressed through†¦show more content†¦This is revealed most lucidly when these defenses are brought crumbling down. First Lieutenant Jimmy Cross berates himself for daydreaming about enjoying a happier, more peaceful existence with his imagined love Martha after the death of Ted Lavender. Cross burns every picture he has of Martha in order to prevent himself from daydreaming about her any more, believing that by wiping her from his mind he will be able to better protect his men. Numerous vows to follow protocol more strictly, as well as to be on constant alert against danger, are made. At first these seem like valiant efforts on the part of the lieutenant, but further consideration reveals that his efforts to become a perfect leader are in vain. No amount of care or discipline will allow him to guarantee that his men survive the war. Mistaking his sentimentality as a sign of his weakness rather than of his humanity, he tries to hide his weakness in order to become a â€Å"good† soldier: emotionless, stoic, focused, and strong. He cannot escape his humanity, however, as the images and dreams of a better life persist even without tangible reminders that such a world exists beyond the confines of Vietnam. Jimmy Cross wasn’t the only soldier struggling to maintain a facade of strength and solidarity in the face of death and destruction. Curt Lemon made a point of always conducting himself in the most masculine manner possible in an attempt to hide his humanity from his fellow soldiers. AShow MoreRelatedPhilippines Annexation and US Masculinity1258 Words   |  5 Pagesthe United States of America was in the midst of a complete remolding of the nations reputation. Just having recently ended the Civil War among the states in the United States and once again forging war with the Spanish-American War, the United States was after a more masculine image and reputation. Due to the nature of the country at that moment in time, the American government wanted to prove their superiority among other emerging nations and in doing so chose to colonize and annex nations such asRead MoreMen’s Angst with Society ´s Perception of Masculinity 839 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"†¦men are unhappy and dont really know why.† Masculinity in the modern age is changing, so much so that many men feel inadequate. A large amount of men are unable to understand what type of masculinity they fit into and what they want to fit into. In Gurmeet S. Kanwal’s article from â€Å"Psychology Today: The masculinity crisis, male malaise, and the challenge of becoming a good man† he says that, â€Å"the perception and image of heterosexual men in this country has never been as negative, de-idealizedRead MoreMasculinity And Style In Hemingway And Carver1604 Words   |  7 PagesMasculinity and Style in Hemingway and Carver. 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Considering masculinity and femininity as terms not linked to the sex/gender male/female binary, but as socially and culturally learned attitudes and behaviors, mili tarized masculinity refers to a specific type of masculinity learnedRead MoreIdentity Formation Of Women During The Chicano Movement1271 Words   |  6 PagesBetween the years 1900-2014, Chicanas/Latinas have defined themselves as strong, independent females in mainstream American society. For many years, Mexican women have fought against stereotypes, oppression among other obstacles in life. Chicanas are expected to portray a certain norm of the ideal Mexican women, mother, daughter, wife. They have resisted and fought back against oppressors and patriarchs that have implemented and molded females to become a â€Å"virgin†. This repression has altered identityRead MoreAnalysis Of The Film Jarhead 1645 Words   |  7 PagesGulf War. 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Society has given men the title of being masculine due to the reflection of   dominance, strength, aggressiveness, independence , and the use of interpersonal skills. Whereas society has given females the title of being feminine forRead MoreBlack Sexual Politics By Patricia Hill Collins Essay1504 Words   |  7 Pagesliterally. With numerous gender ideologies, not only is there division between the Black (African Americans) and the White (fair skinned Europeans), but between men and women as well. Generally, white men and white men only hold most of the pow er in the world that there is to possess and it has consciously been set up for them to do so. The technical name for this global concept is hegemonic masculinity. This highly sexist and blatantly racist model has been implemented by bigoted western agendas to

New Advertising Tools and Their Advantages Free Essays

string(96) " On the other hand, even if online platforms are popular, they are not used really effectively\." Introduction Technology is carrying new advertising tools a step forward from traditional advertising tools. With the improvements in technology and telecommunication, new advertising tools become the most effective way to find and reach target consumers. Brands become more Interactive and transparent. We will write a custom essay sample on New Advertising Tools and Their Advantages or any similar topic only for you Order Now Like any tool, new advertising used correctly, it lowers investments and responds investments with quick increase in sales. Customization and advertisement-tailoring are another trend in today’s society, therefore making new advertising tools more personal for target customers has great effect on sales. According to today’s advertising and marketing conditions, it is a necessity to provide. Communication management is one of the most crucial requirements in today’s marketing field. If the communication management process does not apply accurately, brand image is influenced negatively. Nowadays, besides the fact that target consumers are exposed to advertising communication, they are becoming a part of the process as well. Another advantage which is brought by new advertising tools is measurement. Measuring the effects of their advertisements is every company’s greatest desire. With online technology and new advertising tools, agreement becomes easier and unbiased. Moreover, measurable advertisements which are provided by new advertising tools enable the observation of return of investment in advertising. Social media channels and e-mail services provide customers easy and interactive communication with companies. Interaction between companies and customers improves quality of products and/or services. In addition to interaction, companies have opportunity to consider customer needs, wants and demands at first hand and answer them in real time. Even usage of social media and the internet advertisements are increasing dramatically; TV commercials and printed ads still reach more people than ever. In this regard, classic TV commercials and printed ads are still more useful and effective for increasing brand recognition. Another consideration about advertising tools is memorabilia of advertisements. Generally some excellent examples of viral videos stick in customer’s mind and the rest is forgotten quickly. II. New Advertising Tools a. Social Media Social media refers to interaction among people in which they create, share, and/or exchange information and ideas in virtual communities and networks. Andrea Kaplan and Michael Heinlein define social media as â€Å"a group of Internet-based applications that build on the ideological and technological foundations of Web 2. 0, and that allow the creation and exchange of user-generated content†. Furthermore, social media depend on mobile and web-based technologies to create highly interactive platforms through which individuals and communities share, co-create, discuss, and modify user-generated content. They introduce substantial and pervasive changes to communication between organizations, communities, and individuals. Diffusion of innovations is a theory that seeks to explain how, why, and at what rate new ideas and technology spread through cultures such as social media. Everett Rogers, a professor of communication studies, popularized the theory in his book â€Å"Diffusion of Innovations† (2003). The book says that diffusion is the process by which an innovation is communicated through certain channels over time among the members of a social system. The origins of the diffusion of innovations theory are varied and span multiple disciplines. The book explains the theory that there are four main elements that influence the spread of a new idea: the innovation, communication channels, time, and a social system. This process relies heavily on human capital. The innovation must be widely adopted in order to self-sustain. Mass. The categories of adopters are: innovators, early adopters, early majority, late majority, and laggards (Rogers 1962, p. 150). Diffusion of Innovations manifests itself in different ways in various cultures and fields and is highly subject to the type of adopters and innovation-decision process. According to diffusion of innovations, social media research has three different viewpoints. First, from the perspective of methodology, they design a grand new framework comprehensively considering the components of user preference, social influence, and propagation tendency to covers users with strong diffusion power. Second, from the empirical perspective, they use microbiology as the data source rather than traditional web sites. Third, from the perspective of application context, they apply this recommendation mechanism to online social advertising so as to deliver advertisements effectively. Nowadays, social media is used for sharing personal information, and giving ability of affecting millions of people with advertisements. Now, 87% of companies are using social media effectively to gather customer data, even they can access to consumers directly in real time. Advertising campaigns are established based on personal databases and relationships between individuals in social media. Consumers are good advisors on the social platforms which increases brand recognition and trust. For example, on the Twitter, customers are tweeting and firms reply their customers immediately. Also, companies can measure the effectiveness of these tweets. Social media is related with business traffic rise and business exposure. Social media marketing has different effects on individual’s social life. While social media sector is improving rapidly, more and more social media companies are being established and that is lawful for the future business partnerships. B. ID Advertising A ID, 3-D (three-dimensional) film or SAD (stereoscopic ID) film is a motion picture that enhances the illusion of depth perception. ID technology is one of the most popular entertainment technologies in digital age. Glasses-on and non-glasses are the types of ID technology. ID technology is also a new development for advertisement sector. Nowadays, popularity of ID advertisements is increasing, because it is more effective than normal ID advertisements. ID advertisements allow customers to explore products in every aspect. A higher sense of presence will result n greater enjoyment and an increase in level of product knowledge. Rising in perceived product knowledge and greater enjoyment will result in more favorable attitudes toward advertising. The effect of SAD advertising in creating presence will be moderated by the novelty of the advertising content and design. To sum up, ID and SAD advertising is a new tool and it increases the effectiveness of advertising. C. Online Advertisement Nowadays, advertisements are in consumers’ mobile devices, on computers, in online games, etc. On the other hand, even if online platforms are popular, they are not used really effectively. You read "New Advertising Tools and Their Advantages" in category "Papers" Customers are trying to keep away from online advertisements and positive reactions to online advertisements are decreasing. To prevent these decreasing, billions of online advertisements can be developed differently from traditional ones, because many of them include too much visual and audio property which cannot be ignored and will be an advantage compared to traditional ones. The other way is non-search display advertisements like â€Å"Deceased† by Google. Ads can be given on the convenient sites which are appropriate for the company’s content. Some campaigns, called obtrusive (visibility) campaigns, with videos or pop- as are differentiated with their contents. While visible online advertising and context-based online advertising are working so well separately, they are not successful when they are used as a combination. Consumers accepted context-based online advertisements, because they think they can learn something, but they do not like obtrusive online advertising. Also, context-based advertising can help to show the unexpected achievement of products like â€Å"Deceased† by Google. To conclude, there are some regulations directed by government about privacy of customers and constraints about gathering information from customers. D. Online Advertisement Tools Pop-Up: Opens a new window above current one. Pop-under: Opens a new window under current one. In-Stream Video Audio: Part of videos on internet. Takeover: This kind of ad resizes the screen. Nonuser-Initiated Video Audio: Videos and audios are played themselves as advertisements. Interstitial: When an individual visits a web-site, it appears by itself, while web page is loading. Nonuser-Initiated Background Music: Background music is played automatically. Full-Page Banner Ad: The advertisements appear in size of the computer screen. Interactive: Mutual communication is requested by the ad from its seers. Floating Ad: The users do not run this ad, they exist anywhere on the page for a while (generally 5-30 seconds). E. E-mail Advertisement Email advertisement is also an online advertisement tool which has been used for a long time by marketers to reach customers. When used effectively, e-mails are a good way to reach customers. Emails with catchy information are successful. However, considering the fact that consumers are facing so many mails, they can ignore advertisement e-mails from a single company, which comes daily. In this case, company should measure its e-mail effects and it should provide choices between Kelly and daily e-mails. There are disadvantages in e-mail advertising. Spam e- mails and e- mails without subscribe or non-subscribe options. For example, if a company sends e-mails to an unsatisfying customer and the customer cannot non- subscribe it, it will create a bad impact. In conclusion, companies should use e-mail advertisements effectively and they should make e-mails more personal and informative to be successful. F. Billboards Billboard is a large outdoor advertising structure (a billing board), typically found in high-traffic areas. Billboards present large advertisements to passing pedestrians ND drivers. Typically showing large, ostensibly witty slogans, and distinctive visuals, billboards are highly visible in the top designated market areas. Billboards are highly popular in outdoor advertising. There are three types of displays for outdoor advertising; posters, bulletins, and permanent bulletins. Billboards are changing very fast in recent years. Marketers are creating unique outdoor ads including ID advertisements, unique billboard advertisements apart from searching for efficient outdoor areas to reach their target market. It is claimed that billboards are causing visual pollution. In order to calculate the market value of billboards, marketers must regulation and zoning, traffic and visibility, and market demand. To conclude, valuation of the billboard has three different methods; the cost approach, the sale comparison approach and income capitalization approach. G. CRY Codes CRY code (abbreviated from Quick Response Code) is the trademark for a type of matrix barded (or two-dimensional barded) first designed for the automotive industry in Japan. A barded is an optically machine-readable label that is attached to an item and that records information related to that item. The information encoded by a CRY code may be made up of four standardized types of data (numeric, alphanumeric, byte / binary, kanji) or, through supported extensions, virtually any type of data. CRY code can be read by cameras of mobile phones or other devices which have an application and can access to internet. CRY code delivers related URL to users and provides more advertisement. It reduces cost of advertising and is actually more effective than traditional ones. Some brands use CRY code in their printed advertisements. For example, people access to Coca-Cola’s music website by its CRY code for free. For making successful CRY code advertisement and promotion, arresters create a harmless URL and code, so that customers find it safe. CRY codes are examined by marketers in three principal variables; privacy concerns and trust risk. H. Product Placement Product placement, or embedded marketing, is according to the European Union â€Å"any form of audiovisual commercial communication consisting of the inclusion of or reference to a product, a service or the trade mark thereof so that it is featured within a program†. Product placement stands out as a marketing strategy because it is imperative to attach the utmost importance to â€Å"the context and environment within which the product is displayed or used†. This technique of advertising was made to create reality and awareness for the customers. Nowadays, firms invest large amounts for product placements. Visual-only, audio-only and audio-visual combined are three main strategies which are used for product placement. Visual-only strategy consists of product’s image, motto, logo or other visual brand without any sound. At the audio-only product placement, products cannot be seen in the video but brand names are mentioned in dialogues. The final type of product placement is made by combination of visual and audio. This combination must be made carefully in order to to interrupt the normal flow of the media. Product placement provides positive customer reactions, if they do not have negative ideas about products, for instance alcohol or cigarettes in movies. In conclusion, while exposing to media, consumers are positively affected by product placement, if they enjoy experiencing the media. Ill. Company Research a. Y ¶Rasa Y ¶Rasa is the first company which implemented pastured milk cheese production, also known as cultured cheese production, as industrial investment in Turkey. Varieties of cheese, yoghurt, milk, buttermilk, butter and fruit nectar are produced by Y ¶Rasa in factory which is located in Surplus, Balkiest. It has the largest market share among manufacturers of cheese product in Turkey. Y ¶Aras’s factory in Surplus the traditional cheese at hygienic and modern facilities, ensuring its continuity have become policy and mission of company. Y ¶Rasa states its motto as â€Å"the haunting flavor†. It has been continuing to produce in European standards and is on the way of being a world brand, since 1908. When they first started, the percentage reserved for new advertising tools from Research Development budget was 1%. However, they eave increased it to 5% and they aim to increase more within the years ahead. Y ¶Rasa uses 7% of their total sales for advertising budget and 15% of this advertising budget is reserved for online advertising. Faceable, Twitter and Youth accounts and their own web page are used for online advertising. They prefer to use outsourcing for advertising and work with several advertising agencies. They provide to their customer the real-time returns on social media accounts. This is an implementation which makes dissolve customer’s doubts away and increase the existing customers’ commitment. With efficient usage of social media, they have an advantage in terms of marketing among their competitor. Therefore brand recognition of Y ¶Rasa and their sales increase by time. They also use television, newspapers and magazines to reach their potential customer mass and they assert these are the most powerful channels they use. As it is mentioned before, they prefer to use a lot of advertising tools, several of which have combination of informative, persuasive and reminder characteristics. They aim to inform people about their product and production techniques, persuade and stick in exist and potential customers’ mind by their Jingles and motto. They prefer the ads to be minder and persuasive while they are introduce new products to customer. They also want to ensure that the ads are completely honest and suitable brand’s mission and principles. Y ¶Rasa uses five approaches. They use â€Å"musical† approach to make advertisements more reminder than traditional advertisements. They use â€Å"slice of life† approach to make their existing and potential customers feel themselves closer to the company. â€Å"Lifestyle† approach is supplementary to the slice of life approach. They are trying to implement â€Å"scientific evidence† approach and the â€Å"technical expertise† approach to advertisements as a combination. When implementing the combination, they take into consideration all certificates, company principles. One of the most important questions which asked by most of the companies is possibility of calculating return of social media investment. So many studies are being done about this topic but it is not very easy to value a â€Å"like† or a â€Å"follower† exactly. But it can be said that Y ¶Rasa is not only achieved their targets about usage of social media but also their recognition of brand has increased with usage of social media. They decide how long ads will stay on TV or any other advertising channels by taking into inconsideration watching frequency and researches about ads effectiveness. Generally advertisements display for month on TV but there is no time limit for social media ads. According to Y ¶Rasa, range of their advertisements is set by customer; frequency of advertisements is set by Y ¶Rasa and agency by taken into consideration research results and advertising budget. They prefer minimization of positive impact of advertisements. B. Coca-Cola As one of the most highly recognized soft drink brands in the world today, many people love Coca-Cola because of its sweet fine taste and refreshingly nice flavor. Today, it comes in different enticing varieties including Coca-Cola Vanilla, Coca-Cola Zero and Diet Coke. In order to know more about this great product, it is good to learn its history including information on the person who invented Coca-Cola. The consumer world is changing. Consumers do not want brands to communicate one- way. A story should be told. Coca-Cola is one of corporations have brand story. If it is a good story, it is spreading spontaneous. In all of their campaigns, it is wanted to create such stories because they believe and tell each other so that their communication occurs in this way. Otherwise, they do not want to be limited to certain periods of the messages. So, if it is said â€Å"Coca-Cola yammerer iii giddier. † (Coca-Cola goes well with food. ), they do not want to say only three months. After television ad, later on, all year in stores and digital area they continue same communication. For such communication, the necessary approach is used. Generally, musical and lifestyle, more music, are come to the fore. Music makes people happy and â€Å"mutual kappa as (open happiness) is their slogan. Coca-Cola is one of the best example of â€Å"Think global act local† motto. Coca Cola is a global firm but it acts as local company. Especially, Coca-Cola Ramadan ads are examples of this strategy. If the firm is perceived as member of an idea, it can lose some of target group and sales can decrease. Ramadan ad strategy transformed the threat into an opportunity. So, is it developed different strategies for different locations. Sometimes the ad can be informative, sometimes persuasive. Generally, the ad includes the mix of those. Decision depends on target group and products will be introduced. After interviews with the advertisement agency, the advertising tool which they should use is planned. Most of time, music helps advertisements to become informative, persuasive or reminder. Therefore, they care about the music festivals to reach people. The most known of the festivals are â€Å"Rock Coke† and â€Å"Fantasy Genii Festivals† (Fantasy Youth Festivals) in Turkey. The messages can be changed by the time. For example, during Ramadan, the ads are related in family themes, especially big families. On the other hand, in festive times, the messages are sending to young people, ads are about youth, entertainment and dance. In recent days, the new post is about Christmas. However, generally, it can be said the message must include happiness. As it is seen end of most ads, it is concluded with â€Å"mutual kappa as (open happiness) sentence. The ad time depends on the ad kind. This situation is changeable. Sometimes outdoor advertising need to people, area and legal permits, and it may take a week, maybe one day. When it is used billboards, the ad can be presented during one month. On the other hand, television ads are standardized. According to the ad, it has different time. Christmas ads are on view one or two weeks. The situation is more stable for the internet ads. In the process of advertising using the method, Cola products in general, young, care about healthy vying and vivacious people who have adopted as the main theme discussed are used of advertisements. On the other hand, when the main competitor Pepsi is investigated, it is observed its ad strategies generally are interested in famous stars have a reputation across the globe. Finally, Pepsi has been forced to change its strategy because most of time, Pepsi products are perceived as if for rich people. So, Coca-Cola is more effective in the field of traditional advertising. As mentioned above, Pepsi preferred famous people and it brought millions of dollars cost. This strategy did not work, because famous people do not convince as before. Coca-Cola is affecting simple but effective people ads. It interests the culture of societies and accordingly, it acts. In recent times, as a new advertising tool, new product placement system is emerged, popular TV series are used and feedback shows that it is successful tool to reach customers. The other new ad tool is digital media. Digital media supplies to understand what consumer think say and do. Clicks such as like clicks, comment clicks or dislike ones are not a certain feedback. Click feedbacks cannot be measured as outcome of ad investments. But, absolutely they bring to rise o sales and revenues. At least, digital media helps to take the right steps. Ads contribute the company to recognize, traditional or digital. In the carbonated beverage industry, there should always be ad. Although digital media supplies less cost, it is Just focus of consumers who use more tech. Target group of Coca-Cola is wider, it covers online customers. So, the target group includes people of variety generations. The company uses mix advertising tools such as traditional, digital and outdoor advertising. All of them bring about different benefits. Digital media brings about some benefits to ad world. Every day, evolving network model and social networks help to make users happy. Thanks to profit at zero cost, competition and productivity are rising between businesses. New products and services are tested by online consumers with zero cost, it is directly seen problems, suggestions and requests of customers, increasing of brand awareness. These benefits make digital media become attractive. Nevertheless, traditional media is more used to get more consumers. Thanks to traditional media, Coca-Cola Company is leader and it has prestige in its industry when compared to its rivals. Digital area is interesting for the sat two years, for Coca-Cola. After the ideal agencies are determined, they have established a strong infrastructure. For example, this year they invited to official Faceable page for announcing the list of Rock Coke. Then, they announced that the list is not declared until gathering 10 thousand members of camping. It Just took a week to collect 10 thousand members. And then, the list is declared. World revenue of Coca Cola is $95 million. 8% of this revenue is used for advertisement and marketing expenditures. For thirty years, as an outsourcing, Coca-Cola Pars McCann Erickson have worked together. For expenditures, they spend production costs of print, radio, internet and television advertisements as of the first date the advertisements take place. The following amounts reflect the total worldwide amounts spent on print, radio, internet, and television advertising. While choosing outsourcing agency for the ads, success of the agency is important for the first step. Then, the agency must understand what they aim. Innovative and forward-looking characteristics are more significant, because Coca-Cola is leader firm in the carbonated beverage industry. In Turkey, Coca-Cola Company is in a good relation tit McCann Erickson for 33 years. The advertisement’s reach, frequency, impact and the other details are arranged by Pars McCann Erickson Agency. The internet ads have shorter time, the other ads on television are more often presented and they usually take time between half a minute and a minute. In accordance with the given instructions, the ad is emerged for the planned aim. . Move Turkey. It produces fresh dairy products. Whether their employees or their customers, their priority is always â€Å"human†. Big or small, near or far, every one of their clients has the same meaning and same value for the company. Their understanding of quality and performance that constitute their group philosophy leads them to work hard, develop continuo usly and sustain their preciseness in production and services. Nova’s motto and mission are suitable to the â€Å"innocent milk† principle and they are providing completely honest advertisements for their consumers and customers. In this regard, they are trying to be extremely careful. EX. and ITS approved certificates and awards can be seen all of their products to state Nova’s principles. Moreover, they are trying to show their products’ quality which is top quality, even by EX. standards. It is also named as the highest â€Å"premium quality’. Approximately 10% of their total sales are allocated for the advertising budget. About 25% of the advertising budget is allocated for the online advertising budget. When they first started, it was 1. 5%. However, they have increased it to 3% and they aim to make it 5% within the next five years. They prefer to use outsourcing for advertising. The outsourcing company is Refiner Advertising Agency. In the field of advertising characteristics, they are trying to inform consumers about their products and production techniques. Also, they are trying to convince consumers with the artifices and awards they have uniquely in the industry. With their â€Å"mottos and jingles†, they are trying to take a place in their existing and potential customers’ minds. These techniques created serious positive impacts on company’s sales. When introducing new products to the customers, they prefer to make advertisements more persuasive and reminder than previous advertisements. Move uses five approaches. They use â€Å"musical† approach to make advertisements more reminder than traditional advertisements. They apply â€Å"slice of life† approach to make their existing and potential customers feel themselves closer to the company and products. Lifestyle† approach is complementary to the previous approach. They are trying to apply â€Å"scientific evidence† approach and the â€Å"technical expertise† approach to advertisements as a combination. When applying this combination, they consider all certificates, company policies and customers to choose optimum advertising arrangements. Move is using a website, three main social media tools, including Faceable, Twitter and Youth, and also newspapers, magazines and television advertising. According to Move, they are using their website and social media really effectively than their rivals. For example, Move Faceable page has â€Å"Marimba† (Hello) application. This application provides Move to reassure customers that has doubts and to increase the loyalty of existing customers. It increases Nova’s brand recognition. Furthermore, every comment made on social media, every question asked by customers and every tweet is responded by company experts in real-time. They are also developing small add-ones and applications for social media. As a result of these application and developments, sales increased dramatically. In this way, it is an important advantage in terms of marketing. Move generally prepares advertisements in the form of video and presents them to their customers with TV ND social media. Even if their TV commercials remain nearly one month on-the-air, there is no time limit for their social media advertisements. This comparison is the asked by each company is return on social media investment is whether it is possible or impossible to calculate. Too many attempts are made in this regard, but the value of a â€Å"like† or the value of a â€Å"follower† is not possible to calculate. In fact, social media is a marketing tool for the vast majority. Moreover, return on advertising investment is the most important criterion. If the targets, which they set before the advertising, re exceeded after advertising and advertising investment pays for itself, they succeed in advertising investment. However they do not use Just this method, they have also other criteria. (Other criteria are classified. ) Also, the return of the low cost digital media is appropriate for their budget and the main feature of digital media is it can be presented to their existing and potential customers in a short time. They try to measure the benefits with advertising investment return and brand value change. Currently, they are not planning to enter to international markets within five years. However, Move has serious plans to enter European markets. While establishing and certifying their company, they prioritize that aim. Therefore, the quality of products which Move produce is at the highest level, the â€Å"premium level† according to ITS and also EX. standards. Like every modern company, Nova’s main goal is to attain new generation customers with the help of developing digital media and ensuring the long term sustainability. However, in doing so, they are very careful about two points. First, they try not to disrupt the media channels which are necessary to reach their existing customer base. Second, while maintaining their existing customer base without compromising quality and understanding, they try to impress potential customers. Move sets the new target customer base firstly. While determining new base, they try to preserve their existing customer base. Then, they are doing marketing research. They select random samples to test their demo advertisements. Finally they publish their advertisements depending on the positive results which they obtain at tests. The target customer base determines their range. According to the results of their advertising research and their advertising budget, they decide the frequency with their advertising agency. They prefer minimization of positive effects, while setting the impact of their advertisements. . Ã'Å¡liker International Ã'Å¡liker, whose history goes back to 1944, is one of the best loved brand names in Turkey. Founded and built in the 20th century, the Ã'Å¡liker brand, riding on its phenomenal momentum, was carried into the 21st century, seemingly unlimited by time and space. With its roots in tradition but reaching toward the future, Ã'Å¡liker is a name that conti nues to focus on the sociological and economic wellbeing of the community, but in parallel with that side of its existence, the organization is gaining new meaning. For the timeless Ã'Å¡liker brand, there seems to be no end in sight. The name Ã'Å¡liker became synonymous with happy memories and the intrinsic values of trust, honesty and affinity. Ã'Å¡liker became part of the daily lives of many Turkish families and slowly but surely became entwined in the lives of consumers. Since 1944, the company’s industrial, managerial, marketing and sales; advertising and customer relations activities have been based on the corporate culture established by the Ã'Å¡liker name. This is what makes Ã'Å¡liker more than Just a brand name. Ã'Å¡liker International uses 10% of their advertising budget for online advertising. For these How to cite New Advertising Tools and Their Advantages, Papers

The Fattest Country free essay sample

Because of its huge amount of fast food restaurants, America is the fattest country in the world. Americans spend more money on fast food than on magazines, movies, books, newspapers, and music altogether. The top four, billion dollar establishments starting with the most popular are Subway, McDonald’s, Pizza Hut, and Burger King. However, fast food restaurants cause more environmental damage in America than coal mining and oil extraction. It not only causes environmental damage but also damages to the health of animals, humans, and causes economic damage. For humans, the damage begins slowly, usually starting in childhood. When children get accustomed to the fun ritual of eating fast food, it establishes bad eating habits that carry on into adulthood. People who do not eventually break the habit of fast food addiction become part of the millions of obese Americans who are trapped in the greasy claws of the fast food industry. Young children unknowingly get caught in the illusion of fast food. Assistant professor of the Public Health Reducing Cancer Disparities program, Elva Arredondo said, â€Å"Findings from the [statistical hypothesis test] suggest that overweight children are more likely to recognize fast food logos, while the opposite was true of the normal weight children† (77). Some fast food consumption starts from logo recognition. â€Å"Children as young as 2-11 develop consumption preferences resulting from commercial exposure; at the same time, children in this age group develop strategies for purpose requests and negotiation† (Arredondo 77-78). These â€Å"preferences† put pressure on parents to buy more and more fast food for their child’s pleasure. The more parents buy this unnecessary pleasure for their children, the worse their economic status gets. Arredondo states, â€Å"Recent studies show that fast food restaurant density and the number of McDonald’ s outlets are higher in inferior neighborhoods† (77). In a manner of speaking, fast food companies go after the little people, either â€Å"little people† meaning young children or people with little or no money to spend on junk food they do not need. Even if parents were able to keep their children from becoming fast food gluttons, there is always a possibility that a child could get caught up in his or her teen years. For teens, eating fast food oppresses their immune system and makes them vulnerable to diseases. According to a writer of Women’s Health Guide, Tracee Cornworth, â€Å"Eating fast food meals causes teens and young adults to gain more weight and face an increased risk of developing insulin resistance according to the results of a study funded by the National, Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Fast food not only promotes obesity, but it also serves diabetes on the side. â€Å"Obesity and diabetes is on the rise in this country, and this important study highlights the value of healthy eating habits,’ said NHLBI Acting Director Barbara Alving, M.D† (Cornforth). Cornforth affirms, â€Å"One reason for weight gain may be that a single meal from one of these restaurants often c ontains enough calories to satisfy a person’s caloric requirement for an entire day.† That is up to 2,000 calories eaten in one sitting! On top of all those calories from one meal, more calories are added with additional meals. Gender and socioeconomic status manipulate a person’s ability to oppose fast food, Cornforth declares, â€Å"Study participants included 3,031 young black and white adults who were between the ages of 18-30 from 1985-1986†¦According to the study, men visited fast food restaurants more frequently than women and blacks more frequently than whites.† Adults are fatter than they have been in the past twenty years, and they are still getting larger. Matthew Boyle, a senior writer of the Fortune magazine, says, â€Å"After all, two-thirds of American adults are now over weight, and the fast food industry has been targeted as the primary villain in the obesity crisis.† At least people recognize the culprit, but is that bringing about any change? According to Boyle, â€Å"In the past few years [the fast food industry] has been slapped with numerous amounts of lawsuits on behalf of overweight kids and has been the subject of powerful polemics in the media, such as the 2002 bestseller Fast Food Nation and recent documentary Super Size Me. Is it any wonder, then, that Wendy’s wants to put oranges on its menu?† Apparently, the problem is not that people do not recognize the â€Å"villain† in America’s health crisis. The issue is that although most know that fast food is not good for them, they eat it a nyway. The reasons for this â€Å"although I know it is bad, I will eat it† action are because of the persuasive advertisement of fast food, the accessibility and the inexpensive price. Boyle explains, â€Å"Kimberly Egan, a partner at the center for Culinary Development in San Francisco, who has done menu improvements for McDonald’s, Burger King, and Wendy’s rattles off words that give quality cues ‘slow roasted’, ‘tender’, ‘grilled’, ‘spicy’, ‘fresh cut’ [these descriptions are normally found on TV advertisements]. Egan says that fast food companies use these words to make people think fast food is healthier for them.† It is no amazement that people become subject to their cravings from advertisement with narratives like â€Å"slow roasted† and â€Å"tender.† Boyle states that in September 2002 McDonald’s announced plans to change their frying oil, which would cut tra ns-fat levels 48% by February 2003. He also says that filling a typical fast food fryer with 35 pounds of partially hydrogenated vegetable oil costs about $13; filling it instead with reduced trans-fat soybean oil might cost about $20. Fast food’s unhealthy fat food is only cheap for customers as it is for them. People buy unhealthy food because it is easier on their pocket book than healthy food is. Next to obesity, fast food industries abuse their employees. According to Master of Science in Education, Jeffery Zurlinden, â€Å"Instead of hiring skilled, unionized workers, meat packing plants frequently recruit recent immigrants who are willing to work hard for low pay on assembly lines that turn live cattle into frozen hamburger at record speed.† Fast food industries may not being doing this horrid meat process themselves, but they are condoning it by purchasing the meat. According to Roger Horowitz, Associate Director at the Center for the History of Business, Techn ology, and Society, â€Å"†¦throughout the twentieth century, meatpacking left behind thousands of permanently damaged workers†¦the level of workplace dangers in meatpacking is no longer accurately reflected in government statistics.† .Not only are the employees getting harmed, but the meat also gets contaminated. According to Zurlinden, â€Å"Manure gets mixed with meat, contaminating it with salmonella and E.coli. Schlosser reports a US Department of Health (USDA) study that found 78.6% of ground beef contained microbes spread primarily by fecal material.† Sounds gross, does it not? Yet millions of unsuspecting people eat this â€Å"manure meat† everyday. No wonder these E.coli poisonings happen so frequently. About for 4% of people infected with E.coli develop hemolytic uremic syndrome [a disease that destroys red blood cells] and about 5% of children who develop the syndrome die† (Zurlinden). 4 and 5% may not seem like very much to some peopl e, but would anyone really want to risk their child’s life or their own over a hamburger or chicken nuggets? If there were 25,000 children in America who developed this disease each year, there would be 1250 dead children on a yearly basis! Adults are not the only ones hurt while working. Teens are also victim to pain while working for fast food companies. Zurlinden says, â€Å"Fast food runs on cheap labor, usually supplied by teenagers. Child labor laws that restrict work schedules are often ignored at fast food chains. Although part time employment can teach teenagers responsibility, teenagers who work are more likely to abuse drugs and get into trouble. They also risk getting hurt: Each year about 20,000 teenagers suffer work related injuries, about twice the adult rate.† Since fast food companies want cheap help, then why would they spend precious time and money properly training their teen employees? Some people may say that they have been eating fast food for ye ars and have never gotten ill from it. Yes, some may have done that, but there is always a first time, and why wait until the first time to understand the risk and do something about it? Some may say that fast food is easy to access and is good for on-the-go people. If one is eager to stop gambling his or her life for fast food and wants to eat healthy, there may be a better way to acquire quick meals; making a simple sandwich or slow roasting food for dinner, while one is away from home, are just some examples of how to avoid fast food. This epidemic should have been resolved long before today, but there is still a chance to save lives. Just imagine America losing its â€Å"fattest country† label, obesity rates dropping, and young children learning to live a healthier style of life. Fast food companies could stop condoning the dangerous meat packing industries and begin purchasing meat from organic farmers. They could cease advertising and selling unhealthy, greasy foods, an d start advertising healthy, fresh vegetables and uncontaminated meat. They could acknowledge child labor laws and create a safer working environment for teens. They could stop sugar coating the obesity issue with orange slices and get right to the nitty gritty. Works Cited Boyle, Matthew. CAN YOU REALLY MAKE FAST FOOD HEALTHY?. Fortune 150.3 (2004): 134-140.Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Web. 9 Mar. 2011. Cornforth, Tracee. How Eating Fast Food Affects the Health of Teens and Young Adults.Womens Health Issues Womens Health Questions and Answers Womens Sexual Health. 30 Sept. 2010. Web. 09 Mar. 2011. ;http://womenshealth.about.com/od/girlshealth101/a/fastfoodteenwei.htm;. David Dozier, et al. Brand Name Logo Recognition of Fast Food and Healthy Food among Children.Journal of Community Health 34.1 (2009): 73-78. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Web. 9 Mar. 2011. Horowitz, Roger. That Was a Dirty Job! Technology and Workplace Hazards in Meatpacking over the Long Twentieth Century Horowitz 5 (2): 13. Labor: Studies in Working-Class History of the Americas. 2008. Web. 09 Mar. 2011. ;http://labor.dukejournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/5/2/13;. Zurlinden, Jeffrey. Fast Foods Hidden Dangers. Pope John Said It Best, Capitalism Without Responsibility 14 Apr. 2001. Web. 09 Mar. 2011. ;http://www.fa-ir.org/ai/fastfood_hidden.htm;.

Same Sex Marriage an Example of the Topic Psychology Essays by

Same Sex Marriage Should same sex marriage be legally recognized? Marriage is one of the most important socio-cultural institutions that for centuries have served the humanity for its inpidual and collective good. Although sexual co-habitation exists since primitive times but marriage was exclusively a heterosexual phenomenon. However, since the last half of the 20th century certain segments of the society defied the views of the conformist prepositions about the nature and purpose of marriage and challenged the tenet that marriage is and should be entirely heterosexual. This phenomenon developed in the last years of 1950s and surged in the early years of 1960s. Need essay sample on "Same Sex Marriage" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Marriage is not only a summation of two spouses but it is an all-encompassing phenomenon that includes social, cultural, moral and legal aspects. Marriage is developed as a social patronaged and culturally patterned institution that is much more than an intimate personal relationship as it has assimilated and incorporated itself with other social institutes, so marriage should not viewed as a relationship for personal intimation only as adherents of the same-sex marriage articulate and thus should not be legalized. University Students Often Tell EssayLab support: I'm not in the mood to write my essay. Because I want to spend time with my boyfriend Professional writers advise: Don't Waste Your Time Paper Writing Service College Papers Online How to Prepare an Assignment Essay Writing Help Company The adherents of the same-sex marriage disseminated the notions that marriage has nothing to do with heterosexuality and it is exclusively superfluous religious and legal fiction. They further propagated that different other dimension of the marriages i.e. same-sex marriage, should not be sacrificed at the altar of conventional religious morality. Generally, this change in the thought process of society compelled these segments of the society to indulge in same sex marriages. (Cantor, 2006) The case for heterosexual marriage is based on the religious, social and historical fact. (Dent, 1999; Frank, 2006; Finnis, 1997; Reid, 2005;Vetri, 1998) Marriage is a social and religious bond between a man and woman. Biblical references can be provided that marriage as an institution is an association of one man and one woman. Furthermore Christianity is against gay and lesbian relationship and considers it immoral and unethical. In some cases has ordered to outcast the convicts of such crimes. In Christianity, marriage is considered a holy and sacred obligation since the Wedding at Cana (John 2:1-11). So it was considered a vital activity since the time of Jesus as a legitimate and sacred sexual relationship between man and woman. Several legal court decisions and constitutional codes also include the same definition of marriage. Prof Eskridge (1993) provides a crux of the arguments of the opponents of the same-sex marriages by saying; Marriage, they say, must involve a man and a women because (1) this is the definitional essence of the marriage (2) the Judeo-Christian tradition requires it and/or (3) the modern Western nation-state has structured society around the assumption that only different-sex marital unions are allowed. Historically, homosexual indulgence and practices were common in primitive societies but no verified or verifiable clue is available that same-sex marriage was recognized and sanctioned as marriage socially and stately in various parts of the world. Prof Eskridge is his well researched work A history of Same-sex marriage provides various historical facts about homosexuality but not about legal sanctity of same-sex marriage. For example, he provides example from certain archaeological remains like tomb of two male courtiers of the fifth dynasty (circa 2600 B.C.) includes bas-beliefs of the two men in intimate poses. He further quotes the views of social historian David Greenberg to affirm his point of view about same-sex relationship that same-sex relationship was accepted by the state, because Pharaoh provided their tomb. (21) So it is quite clear that historically, same-sex marriage were never sanctioned by any primitive law. This historical fact is important to assume that millennia of human experience never sanctioned homosexuality as a legal marriage and there were various reasons behind that i.e. collective good of human society, fear of extinction of human species etc. He again cites David Greenberg to explaore the state recognition of same-sex relationship in the ancient civilization of Mesopotamia where Mesopotamian monarch, notably King Zimri-Lim of Mari and King Hammurabi of Babylon, had male lovers akin to wives. (22) He further suggests hat although earlier laws of Mesopotamia regulates the action of sexual indulgence and marriages but it has no connotations toward approval of same-sex relationship. Reproduction is the essential human phenomenon that is primarily concerned with future and retainment of human specie. This primarily refers to the importance of hetero-sexual marriage as social fact. As the world is tending to move toward inpidualistic societies and its concerns, it is fundamentally imperative that wider social concerns must be taken into account. So the primary purpose of marriage is not an intimate relationship sanctioned by the society and state alike but it is the development and retainment of human generation. Hetero-sexual marriage is compatible with this social objective but same is not true with the same-sex marriage. Scott Bidstrup, a distinguished supporter of same sex marriage, does not take into consideration this important objective of marriage and only relies on the personal intimacy theorem. He says that Sex, in a committed gay relationship, is merely a means of expressing that love, just the same as it is for heterosexuals. Being gay is much more profound than simply a sexual relationship; being gay is part of that person's core identity, and goes right the very center of his being. (Gay Marriage: The Arguments and the Motives) But marriage is much more than an expression of love and affection for the partner or spouse. Hetero-sexual marriage capacitates men to achieve their moral and personal discipline that is a pre-requisite to achieve success in life on one hand whereas it also enabled them to live a stable and balanced domestic life. On the other hand it facilitates the married women gain a protected and stable social status, acknowledgment of protection and economic provision of their children. Somerville refutes the same-sex marriage in a higher cultural level as she derives that Marriage is primarily a cultural phenomenon and one of its absolute function is to transmit human life to the next generation and nurture and protect that life. (3) She is of the opinion that same-sex marriage could not perform that function due to the fact that it involves a relationship rather than a social function. A research study Why Marriages Matters: Twenty-One Conclusion from the Social Sciences by twelve scholars have tried to summarize the positive effects of marriage through analyzing research literature and found that Marriage is an important social good associated with an impressively broad array of positive outcomes for children and adults alike [W]hether American society succeeds or fails in building a healthy marriage culture is clearly a matter of legitimate public concern. [Doherty, William J. et al., 2002] So marriage is a social phenomenon here that has social connotations and it is not a personal relationship between two inpiduals. Adherents of the same-sex marriage further refer to the civil rights guaranteed by the constitution and put their case in the historical context that once interracial marriages were prohibited but Supreme Court established that these laws were unconstitutional and were against the letter and spirit of the constitution and fundamental rights. So they maintain that it is also erroneous and unconstitutional to bar same-sex marriages. But this argument does not validate their yearning for legalization of same-sex marriage because being of a different race and color is a natural phenomenon whereas theirs is a behavioral predicament. It is not an innate feature. It is a habitual formation that seems to be instinctive. There are certain other segments of the society with deviant behaviors i.e. pedophiles, people with incestuous orientation, pornography addicts. It does not mean that civil rights grant them validation to exercise their will against the collective good of the society. Don Browning sums the overall opposition to the case for same-sex marriage and says that providing social recognition and legal sanction to the gay marriage will epitomize the societys stride toward dismantling the goods associated with marriage. The further says that same-sex marriage is not an extension of old institution of marriage to new segments of society but it alters the overall objective and purpose of marriage. He further extends that same-sex marriage reduces marriage primarily to committed affectionate sexual relations. It goes further. It gives this new and a more narrow view of marriage all of the cultural, legal, and public support that accrued to the institution when it functioned to hold together this complex set of good. (Browning 204) All these arguments clearly manifest that same-sex marriage will not serve like the traditional institution of marriage based on hetero-sexual relationship, so it should not be endorsed as legally and constitutionally in order to save the society from socio-cultural catastrophe. From the primitive times the institution of marriages is regarded as the major source of family life. In almost every civilization it is known to serve and has served three essential social purposes. First, it is regarded, as a hatchery where new pool of children are conceived and are brought up under the maternal and paternal supervision; the rearing of children in this way assures the provision of all their psychological, emotional, social and economic needs. So same-sex marriages should not be sanctioned and must be prohibited by law. If not an extensive power of judicial activism save the society, the proponents of same-sex marriage will exploit the situations and will put aside the majority opinion about aberrancy and deviancy of homosexuals. References Bidstrup, S. Gay Marriage: The Arguments and the Motive. Retrieved on 7 Febrauary, 2007 Browning, D. S. The Liberal Case against Same-sex Marriage. The New York Times. 09 Mar. 2004. Cantor, D. J. Same-Sex Marriage: The Legal and Psychological Evolution in America. Wesleyan University Press. 2006. Dent, G. W. "The Defense of Traditional Marriage," The Journal of Law and Politics 15 (1999) :581-644. Eskridge, W. N. A history of Same-Sex Marriage. Symposium on Sexual Orientation and The Law. Virginia Law Review 79. 7 (1993): 1419-1513. Eskridge, W. N. The Case for Same-Sex Marriage: from Sexual Liberty to Civilized Commitment. New York: Free Press, 1996. Franke, K. M. "The Politics of Same-Sex Marriage Politics". Columbia Journal of Gender & Law 15 (2006):236-248. Finnis, J. "The Good of Marriage and the Morality of Sexual Relations: Some Philosophical and Historical Observations". American Journal of Jurisprudence 42 (1997):97-134. Patterson, C. J. "Same-Sex Marriage and the Interests of Children...," Virginia Journal of Social Policy & Law 9(2001):345-351. Perkins, J. (ed.) Defense of Marriage: Does It Need Defending?. Nova Science. 2004. Reid, E. "Assessing and Responding to Same-Sex "Marriage" in Light of Natural Law". Georgetown Journal of Law & Public Policy 3(2005):523-539. Somerville, A.M. The Case against Same-sex Marriage. A Brief Submitted to The Standing Committee on Justice and Human. McGill Centre for Medicine, Ethics and Law. 2003. Vetri, D. Almost Everything You Always Wanted to Know about Lesbians and Gay Men, Their Families, and the Law". Southern University Law Review 26 (1998):1-91.

The Evolution of Evolutionary Biology essays

The Evolution of Evolutionary Biology essays A century and a half ago, a man by the name of Charles Darwin went on a journey around the world. This trip sparked an idea that would permanently alter the future of biology, and in conjunction with a certain Alfred Wallace, led to the publication of one of the most controversial and earth-shaking documents in history. Fifty years prior, Jean Lamarck made a benighted attempt to explain the vast differences in species; he was an ignoramus to be sure, but an asset nonetheless. You see, in the beginning, it was widely and thoroughly believed that higher power, a god, had created every creature to be perfect as-is, adapted to its exact surroundings with no need in the present or past for a change. Lamarck first scraped on the idea of environmental influence on an individual's form in 1809 when he stated that the environment affects the shape and organization of animals and that the "frequent use of organs, when confirmed by habit, increases the function of that organ...and endows it with a size and power that it does not possess in animals which exercise it less," meaning that when an animal uses, say, an arm more than another (as the stresses of the environment force it to), that population of animals will start to have stronger, larger arms. Lamarckian evolution is fundamentally flawed, as we can all see that an animal won't grow larger arms unless it is genetically prone to. The wonderfully outspoken Wallace made observations of this in early 1858, mocking Lamarck's early attempts at explaining the wonders of evolution. At the side of the famous Englishman Darwin, the quasi-connected duo published several papers on the theory of natural selection in regards to the origin of species. In these papers, Lamarck was shown to be a silly moron, and more importantly, the shroud of mystery around the creation of all life was pierced. Many people did, and still regard Wallace's (but more famously, Darwin's) final clarification of Lamarck'...

The Concept of Human Resource Management Assignment

The Concept of Human Resource Management - Assignment Example All these careers relate to the training, developing and managing an aspect of the labor force in an organization. They cater to an extensive application of all the theories and aspects of the human resource knowledge in a broader aspect. Many organizations require a good personal, professional and academic profile in order to recruit people for the position of any skilled job in management designation. For less skilled job or fresh graduates with less or no experience, initial level jobs are offered. On the other hand, those candidates, who possess more experience and have the great qualification, are normally offered managerial level jobs in the human resource field. In this case, the Training and development Specialists are required to have basic knowledge of HR, a bachelor’s degree in the required field, and diplomas or certificates in the fields of training and developing the people. This is also performed by the individuals who are specialists in the field of managing people. Compensation and benefits in this designation are on an average level, while the job may be on a contractual basis only. Compensation and Benefits Manager is the position of a senior or managerial level. This position requires a Master’s degree in the relevant field, an acquaintance of candidates with the subject of accountancy and finance, and a good amount of long experience. The candidates with extra qualification and certificates are usually preferred for this post. The compensation and benefits may vary from organization to organization; however, the managers are normally given higher salary packages and good non-cash benefits too. These include car, cell phones, laptops, and other things.

Gulf Pharmaceutical Industries (JULPHAR) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Gulf Pharmaceutical Industries (JULPHAR) - Essay Example More than 800 products of the company are in the dosage forms, and few are yet to enter the market. The company employs more than 2800 employees around the world (Kapur, 2014). Turnover reported by the company at the end of 2013 was AED 1.36 Billion. The company reported various growth strategies in 2013. It performed a GCC wide review of its functions and operations. The new scientific office was launched across GCC under the new director. Additionally, the company launched its first manufacturing facility in Ethiopia at Addis Ababa (Julphar Extends its Global Footprint, 2015). This facility is a major part of the company’s international expansion objective and a milestone in its history (About Julphar, 2015). The objective of IAS 1 is to provide the organizations with the basis for presentation of general-purpose financial statements. It is to ensure the comparability of the financial statements of the previous periods and the financial statements of the other entities. IAS 1 is applicable to general-purpose financial statements that are prepared in accordance with the international Financial Reporting Standards. General-purpose financial statements are prepared in order to provide information about the financial performance, financial position and cash flow of the entity that is useful to a wide range of users for the purpose of making economic decisions (IAS 1, 2015). To fulfil the objective, financial statements provide the information about an entity’s: IAS 1 states that financial statements must present fairly the financial position, financial performance and cash position of the entity. This means that the entity should faithfully represent the effects of the transactions, events and condition in accordance with the criteria of assets, liabilities, income and expenses as mentioned in the framework. Going Concern: the conceptual framework requires the financial

Cloud based computing security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Cloud based computing security - Essay Example ability) , discusses the security challenges that currently face the enterprise when storing data in its own local severs or deploying it the cloud and introduces available solution for these issues . Security is simply protecting data against improper disclosures, modification or destruction; whether these are intentionally or accidentally caused. That is to say, a complete solution to data security issues should meet three basic requirements: confidentiality, integrity and availability. Confidentiality requires that data should be protected from unauthorized individuals or systems . Integrity refers to an assurance in the accuracy of the data. This means preventing of unauthorized or improper data modification or deletions must be engaged. Availability refers to keeping timely access to data and resources by authorized person. It also refers to the protection from malicious data denials making the system no longer available; or the recovery from hardware and software errors. The importance assigned to these requirements significantly depends on the considered environment. For example, in military environments, most attention devoted to the confidently, while integrity is the mo st relevant aspect of commercial environment. In public institutions, such as hospitals and airline companies and credit institutions in which data correction is essential in addition to the privacy constraints, a combination of integrity and confidentiality are needed. Developments in networking technology and an increase in the need of computing resources have encouraged many enterprises to outsource their storage and computing needs. This new model of computing is commonly referred to as â€Å"cloud computing†. Cloud computing is computing which leverages computer resource through the internet. It is defined by the national institute of standards and technology (NIST) as: â€Å"A model for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to shared pool of configurable computing resource

Study On CPU And Memory Hierarchy

Study On CPU And Memory Hierarchy CPU must have compatibility with the memory in the computer system. Memory cannot increase the speed of the processor however it can help the processor increase its performance. If the CPU doesnt get the data it requires, it would sit idle wasting CPU clock cycles that would decrease the overall throughput and execution of the processes. If data needs to be accessed to and from hard disk which is slower as compared to the main memory, more and more cycles are wasted decreasing the efficiency of the system. Conclusion- For better performance of the system, faster program execution and proper CPU utilization the compatibility between CPU and memory is required. A computer employs RAM chips of 256*8 ROM chips of 1024*8. The computer society system needs 2K byte of RAM 4KBYTE of ROM, 4 interface units. Each with 4 registers. A memory mapped I/O configuration is used. The 2 highest order bits of the address bus are connected with address 00 or RAM and 01 for ROM 10 for interface. How many RAM ROM chips are needed? Draw a memory address map. 2 kb of RAM required i.e. 21024(bytes) =2048 bytes (Since 1 kb =1024 bytes) RAM = = 8 chips; and 4kb of ROM is required i.e. 4 x 1024 = 4096 bytes Therefore ROM = = 4 chips; and There are 4 interfaces each having 4 register, So total no. of registers is 44=16 registers; Memory address map Cache Coherence- Caches allow greater performance by storing frequently used data. In multiprocessing system, each processor is provided with its own cache and they all share the same memory or address space so it is possible for more than one processor to access a data item at a time. What if one processor updates the data item without informing the other processors, inconsistencies may result and cause incorrect executions and the problem of inconsistencies is known as Cache Coherence in computing. The coherence of caches is obtained if the following conditions are met. However these read and write operations are said to be one after another and this is not possible due to memory access latency and a write by first processor may not be seen by a read from second processor if the read is made within a very small time after the write has been made. Case 1 Case 2 Processor P1 reads memory location X and then writes back to same location X while no other processor is not accessing the memory location X. Processor P1 reads and then processor P2 writes to and from same location X and currently the location would return value written by processor P2 only. Processor P1 and P2 writes to same memory location X in a sequence and currently the value returned would be decided as per the sequence. Mechanisms- Bus Snooping- In Bus Snooping each cache is connected through the same bus and it is where every CPU knows who has a copy of its cached data. So each CPU watches continually for write activity concerned with data addresses which it has cached. This assumes that all communication can be seen by all. However it is far more complex to implement. Directory Based Approach- In a directory-based system, the data being shared is placed in a common directory that preserves the coherence connecting caches. The directory acts as a filter through which the processor must ask authorization to fill an entry from the primary memory to its cache. When an entry is distorted the directory either updates or invalidates the other caches with that entry. The MESI protocol is the best suited protocol to avoid cache coherence, where M stands for MODIFIED, E stands for EXCLUSIVE, S stands for SHARED and I stands for INVALID. Write Back Cache- Cache uses two approaches to write data back to main memory. Write Through Write Back It is the simplest one in which all write all operations are made to the main memory as well as to cache; ensuring main memory is always valid. Any other CPU- cache module can monitor traffic to main memory to update the data in its own cache, but always results in substantial memory traffic. It minimizes memory writes. In write back method modifications to data in the cache arent copied to the cache source until absolutely necessary. It is also known as copy back cache .In write back updates are made only in the cache. When an update occurs UPDATE bit are set associated with the slot and when the block is replaced it is checked whether the UPDATE bit is set or not. If it is set then data is written back to main memory. For Example- Intel processors since the 80486 uses back caching. Problem with this kind of implementation is that performance improvement comes with a slight threat that data may be vanished if the system crashes and more complex circuitry. Onboard Cache- Cache is a part of multi-level storage strategy which is used to increase the performance of CPU by providing a bridge in between the slower memory RAM and CPU. The cache that is the part of the CPU is known as off-board cache and the cache which is present on the motherboard is known as on-board cache. Generally L1 cache is referred as off-board and L2 is known as on-board. Sometimes L3 cache is also present on the motherboard along with L2. Now a days specific CPU vendors incorporates L2 as a part of CPU and L3 on motherboard. Implementation of Cache- In Cache, latency needs to be decreased and hit rate needs to be increased. Larger caches have better hit rates but longer latency. To address this problem, many computers use multiple levels of cache. The smaller and faster one is L1 cache built inside the CPU known as on-chip. If CPU needs data it first checks in L1; if it hits the processor proceeds at high speed. If the smaller cache misses, the next larger cache (L2) is checked, and so on, before external memory is checked. As the latency difference between main memory and the fastest cache has become larger, some processors have begun to utilize as many as three levels of on-chip cache. For Example- Intels Xeon MP Product code-named Tulsa, AMD Phenom II (2008), Intel Core i7 (2008) uses unified L3 cache. However Cache can be implemented by using Direct Mapped, Associative Mapping or Set-Associative Mapping. Virtual Memory- For the execution of programs memory required is more than what is actually present. So, the technique used to overcome this size limitation is Virtual Memory which is illusion of memory not physically present. The purpose is to allow multiple programs share same memory allowing splitting up of program into smaller pieces that can be loaded into different parts of memory whenever space can be found. Implementation of Virtual Memory- It is implemented using two techniques- one is Demand Paging and other one is Demand Segmentation. CPU generates address which is not physically present. These are the program addresses referred to as logical addresses, they dont have any existence outside the program, the actual memory addresses are known as physical addresses. These virtual addresses are mapped or interchanged to its corresponding physical address through a process known as mapping. A page table or look up table is maintained for this purpose. In Demand paging, valid-invalid bit scheme is used in which a valid-invalid bit is associated with each page. 1 for the page in memory and 0 for not present in memory. During address translation if bit in entry is 0 the page fault occurs. In virtual memory process are divided into chunks of equal size known as pages and chunks of memory in which pages are loaded are known as frames. In Demand Segmentation each row of the lookup table contains a starting address for a logical block of memory, together with the size of the block and a corresponding starting address in physical memory. Paging and Segmentation operates both the same. Problem of Fragmentation- Fixed Memory Partitioning- Operating system occupies fixed portion of main memory and partitions are created for multiple processes but not of same size, so there will be wastage of memory. In most cases the process will not acquire memory provided to it. Variable Memory Partitioning- In variables-size partitions, the memory allocated is as much it is required by process. However when processes are swapped in, small holes are created leading to problem of fragmentation. Compaction is done to solve problem, but it waste CPU time. In Virtual Memory demand paging method is implemented, in which memory is partitioned into equal chunks that are relatively small, and each process is divided into small fixed size chunks of some size. The lists of the frames that are free are maintained by the operating system. As the size of the pages and frames are same so suffer less fragmentation problem. The Memory Hierarchy The design constraints on a computers memory can be summed up by three questions: how much memory is available, how fast it is and how much it will cost? Following are the relationships between these tradeoffs- Smaller access time, greater cost per bit. Greater capacity, smaller cost per bit. Greater capacity, greater access time. Access Time Increase Transfer Rate DecreasesCPU Registers Cache Cost per/bit Decreases Capacity IncreasesRAM Magnetic Disk Figure -Memory Hierarchy Memory hierarchy helps in increasing the performance of processor, without hierarchy, faster process wont help and all time waiting on memory, It provides a large pool of memory that costs as much as the cheap storage near the bottom of the hierarchy, but that serves data to programs at the rate of the fast storage near the top of the hierarchy. It provides a faster access of data stored in the memory. If it is understand how the system moves data up and down the memory hierarchy, then application programs can be written so that data items are stored higher in the hierarchy, where the CPU can access them more quickly. Addressing modes affecting performance of system- It simplifies the memory references, produces variable length instruction format and instruction manipulates operands in memory directly. It adds convenience and flexibility to have modes of addressing, and it allows a large range of addressable memory while using a reasonable number of bits. Addressing modes make it easier to write certain type of programs such as loops that uses an index to address different entries in a table or array. For Example- Indexed Addressing. Now a days computer allows programmer accessible registers that manipulate data directly between registers.

Smokng in Bars :: essays research papers fc

Smoking in Bars   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Within the last several years, health issues toward smoking have become a very popular issue. All over the nation, college students are having to deal with secondhand smoke any time they want to go out and socialize with their friends in a bar. Secondhand smoke can be very detrimental to anybody that it encounters. It is associated with an increased risk for lung cancer and coronary heart disease in nonsmoking adults (TIPS). For years communities have been working to get smoking out of their workplaces, restaurants, and now they are pushing to ban smoking from bars. If you are a non-smoker, this is a very positive movement. It is never very much fun when you go into a bar to hang out with some friends and the whole place is covered with smoke. The whole next day, on top of maybe having a slight hangover, you will probably be coughing up a lung. Where is the fun in that? This law has already been passed in many places all over the United States. Only a select few are against what is trying to be done. When these laws were being debated at the University of Kansas in Lawrence, some bar and restaurant owners showed up to voice their opinions. They called it extremist, draconian and overly broad, saying it would cause the loss of jobs and the loss of city liquor taxes. They also said the law would set an uneven playing field because it allows smoking at restaurants with outdoor patios (Cooper). Of course, you might upset a few customers, but are people going to quit coming? Troja, a manager at Johnny’s Tavern in Lawrence, does not foresee the ordinance chasing customers away. â€Å"When it comes down to it,† he said, â€Å"they’re not going to stop going to their favorite tavern just because they can’t smoke there† (Cooper, par.7). An estimated 1,700 cities across the country restrict smoking, but only 74 have smoking bans that, like in Lawrence, include the workplace as well as restaurants and bars. (Cooper) This is great. Why can’t more people follow suit? An estimated 3,000 lung cancer deaths and 35,000 heart disease deaths occur annually among adult nonsmokers in the United States as a result of exposure to secondhand smoke (TIPS). College students do not realize that they are putting themselves at risk every time they step foot into these bars.